I hope these questions help you prepare for your NCLEX exam!
A client with heart failure has been prescribed furosemide (Lasix). Which laboratory value would the nurse monitor closely while the client is taking this medication? a. Sodium b. Potassium c. Calcium d. Glucose
A client is admitted to the emergency department with an acute asthma attack. Which medication would the nurse expect to administer first? a. Albuterol b. Prednisone c. Beclomethasone d. Theophylline
A client with a history of diabetes is admitted to the hospital with a foot wound that is not healing. Which nursing intervention would be most important to include in the client's plan of care? a. Administering insulin as prescribed b. Encouraging the client to exercise regularly c. Assessing the client's blood glucose levels frequently d. Applying topical antibiotics to the wound
A client with chronic kidney disease is prescribed a low-protein diet. Which food item would the nurse instruct the client to limit? a. Apples b. Yogurt c. Lentils d. Brown rice
A client with Parkinson's disease is prescribed levodopa/carbidopa (Sinemet). Which adverse effect would the nurse monitor the client for? a. Hypotension b. Hypertension c. Diarrhea d. Urinary retention
A client is receiving intravenous heparin therapy for the treatment of a deep vein thrombosis. Which laboratory value would the nurse monitor closely while the client is receiving this medication? a. Platelet count b. Prothrombin time (PT) c. International normalized ratio (INR) d. Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)
A client is scheduled to undergo surgery under general anesthesia. Which nursing intervention would be most important to include in the client's preoperative care? a. Administering an opioid analgesic to reduce pain b. Encouraging the client to ambulate frequently to prevent blood clots c. Administering a sedative medication to promote relaxation d. Ensuring the client has been NPO for the appropriate period of time
A client with pneumonia is prescribed oxygen therapy. Which nursing intervention would be most important to include in the client's plan of care? a. Encouraging the client to ambulate frequently to improve oxygenation b. Monitoring the client's oxygen saturation levels regularly c. Administering an antitussive medication to reduce coughing d. Encouraging the client to eat a high-protein diet to promote healing
A client with bipolar disorder is prescribed lithium carbonate. Which laboratory value would the nurse monitor closely while the client is taking this medication? a. Sodium b. Potassium c. Calcium d. Magnesium
A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is prescribed ipratropium bromide (Atrovent). Which adverse effect would the nurse monitor the client for? a. Hypotension b. Hypertension c. Tachycardia d. Bradycardia
Here are the answers with rationales:
B - Potassium. Furosemide is a loop diuretic that can cause potassium loss through increased urine output, so it's important to monitor the client's potassium levels and administer supplements as needed.
A - Albuterol. Albuterol is a fast-acting bronchodilator that can quickly relieve bronchoconstriction and improve breathing in an acute asthma attack.
C - Assessing the client's blood glucose levels frequently. Clients with diabetes are at increased risk for poor wound healing, and high blood glucose levels can impair healing even further. Therefore, it's important to monitor blood glucose levels frequently to ensure they are within a target range.
C - Lentils. Lentils are a high-protein food that would need to be limited on a low-protein diet.
A - Hypotension. Levodopa/carbidopa can cause hypotension, especially when first starting the medication or when the dose is increased.
D - Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). Heparin is an anticoagulant that can increase bleeding risk, so it's important to monitor the client's aPTT levels to ensure they are within a therapeutic range.
D - Ensuring the client has been NPO for the appropriate period of time. It's important to ensure the client has an empty stomach before undergoing general anesthesia to prevent aspiration of stomach contents.
B - Monitoring the client's oxygen saturation levels regularly. Oxygen therapy is used to improve oxygenation, so it's important to monitor the client's oxygen saturation levels regularly to ensure they are within a target range.
A - Sodium. Lithium can cause sodium depletion, which can lead to lithium toxicity. Therefore, it's important to monitor the client's sodium levels and adjust the medication dosage as needed.
C - Tachycardia. Ipratropium bromide can cause tachycardia as a side effect, so it's important to monitor the client's heart rate for any signs of increased heart rate.
I hope these rationales help you understand why each answer is correct.
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